单选题寻找标志词法标点符号分析法句子结构分析法
第1招:寻找标志词法
标志词就是“题眼”。抓住了题眼,就能准确判断命题者的意图,缩小思考范围,迅速发现解题突破口,从而准确作答。
例1: I had to buy _______these books because I don’t know which one was the best.
A. both B. none C. neither D. all
【指点迷津】本题的标志词是从句中的the best,由最高级the best可知,该题只能选用表示三者以上的词,排除A,C。由于none表示的是否定的意思,所以正确答案只能选择D项all。
例2: Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _______some schools for poor children.
A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up
【指点迷津】本题的标志词是devote ... to ...,to在该词组中是介词,构成固定搭配devote ... to doing sth.,若删去定语从句he had, 答案B项setting up则一目了然,而D项表示非谓语动词having set up的动作发生在谓语动词made up his mind的动作之前,显然与句意不符。
第2招:标点符号分析法
标点符号在在单项填空题中看似微不足道,但其作用不可忽视:它可以起到表意的作用,使语言更加准确。特别是在定语从句或者非谓语动词作状语的句型中,利用标点符号分析法可以帮助考生迅速找到解题的突破口,从而很容易地得出正确答案。
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例1: There are eight tips in Dr. Roger’s lecture on sleep, and one of them is:_______to bed early unless you think it is necessary. A. doesn’t go B. not to go C. not going D. don’t go【指点迷津】此题很容易误选B,考生误认为是不定式做表语。其实冒号已经表明后面是Dr. Roger讲的原话,应当是个句子,只有选D项don’t go才构成一个否定的祈使句。例2: He is always really rude,_______is why people tend to avoid him. A. that B. it C. this D. which【指点迷津】此题很容易错选A,因为同学们很熟悉that is why ...这个句型,而事实上此题的答案是D。因为两个句子之间是逗号,又无并列连词,因此是用which引导的非限制性定语从句。若句中用并列连词and,答案就可以选A和B了。第3招:句子结构分析法高考单选题在继承和发展以往注重语境化、交际化的基本特征的同时,命题人更注重对并列句及复合句等句子结构的分析和理解的考查。考生需要注意的是,有些高考单选题看似有两个句子,于是考生就选连词,正好掉进命题人设计的陷阱。这类题型的选项大致分为两类:1)连词和代词的混合选项;2)纯连词。如果是复合句,考生要严格按照以下两个思路答题:1)分析何种从句;2)分析引导词作何种成分。例1: He wrote five novels, two of_______translated into English. A. it B. them C. which D. that【指点迷津】此题很容易掉进陷阱误选C,学生误以为后面是非限制性定语从句。事实上translated是过去分词,而不是谓语动词,后面不是句子,不能用连词,所以正确答案是B项them。若在translated前加上were, were translated就成了谓语动词,这时才可以选连词which。例2: If an excellent Chinese novel is translated into English, _______means many more people in the world can enjoy it. A. as B. which C. what D. that【指点迷津】此题的考点是if。若没有if,就用B项 which引导一个非限制性定语从句。本题用连词if在句首引导一个条件状语从句,主句只能以关系代词that 作主语,代指If从句所指的事,所以正确答案为D项that。This Way to DreamlandDaydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy._71__They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. __72__ Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?First, understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams.__73_ And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep.__74__Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away.____75_Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.A. Having interesting things to think about also helps.B. They stare off into space and wander by themselves.C. Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relatively, Coke or Post-it notes.D. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.E. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.F. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand.G. Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone.
