英语广告类阅读理解解题技巧
【命题趋势】
人们的生活与广告有密切的关系，综观各地的高考试题， 命题者皆偏爱考查学生的广告类阅读理解能力，如全国2 卷的A 篇。因为广告来自生活，取材英美国家的报刊、杂志，语言地道，原汁原味。考题符合考纲和考试说明上面的要求。现将对广告的特点和命题趋势及应对策略加以分析，并附真题及分析，以期对考生提供一些帮助。广告类阅读有五大特点：
1. 材料特点：信息量大，用词简练，形式灵活。
2. 内容特点：涉及与人们生活息息相关的信息，如产品宣传、服务介绍、招生招聘等。
3. 形式特点：标题醒目，重点突出，条理清楚。
4. 用词特点：一是人名、地名、专有名词多；二是生词多；三是缩略词、省略句多。
5. 命题特点： 广告类阅读题的命题主要是以获取信息为主的细节理解题。
【应试对策】
1. 先题后文法：“ 先题后文”指的就是先读试题，了解试题的考查点，再根据试题的要求快速阅读短文。
2. 题干定向法： 如果题干的问题与原文中的相应句段基本相同，则可直接对号入座；如果题干的问题与原文中的相应句段有较大的出入，则要进行一定的处理，这个“ 处理”是多方面的，它可能包括对原文进行同义变换、对概念进行解析、对事实进行归纳、将具体问题抽象化或将抽象问题具体化、将文中提到的原则或规则进行实际运用等等。
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3. 错误排除法：一般说来，对于那些与文意明显不符或与文章内容不相关的选项比较容易排除， 但有些选项与文章内容相符，却与题干问题不吻合，即属答非所问的情形，也应作为错误项予以排除，尤其那些从文章中摘录的句子，要特别小心，它们很有可能是干扰项。除了验证其是否能回答所提问题外，还要看它是否回答了问题的主要方面， 也就是说看它是不是最佳答案， 如果它只能回答所提问题的一个侧面或还有比它更合适的选项，都要毫不犹豫地将其排除。 4. 信息补全法：前面讲到，广告类阅读材料的一大特点是缩略词和省略句多。考生在做题时，要注意根据文章的上下文语境将省略句补充完整， 以便于正确地理解和答题。 常见的缩略语： 星期缩略语：Mon (Monday), Tues (Tuesday), Wed(Wednesday), Thur (Thursday), Fri (Friday), Sat (Saturday),Sun (Sunday)等。 月份缩略语：Jan (January), Feb (February), Mar(March), Apr (April), Jun (June), Jul (July), Aug (August),Sept (September), Oct (October), Nov (November), Dec(December) 等。 电话缩略语：Tel (telephone), Ph (phone) 等。 地址、公司名等缩写语：Add (address), No (number)，Rd (road), Co (company), Ltd (Limited)等。 某些时间缩略语：hrs (hours), yrs (years), a.m.(in themorning), p.m. (in the afternoon) 等。 其他常见缩略语：max (maximum, 最大量, 最大限度), min (minimum, 最小量, 最小限度), doz (dozen), fig (figure), ft (foot) , ml (mile), esp (especially), Mt (mountain),p (page), prof. (professor). Dr. (doctor), vs (versus,对), info (information), aft (after), ad (advertisement), m(male), f (female) 等。 5. 生词模糊法： 生词多是广告类阅读材料的一大特点。面对这些生词同学们该怎么办呢？ 许多同学首先想到的是想办法来猜测其词义。当然，若能根据上下文的语境猜出生词的词义，那再好不过了。但问题是，有些生词是无法猜的，命题者也没有要求考生去猜测其词义， 因为试题本身没有涉及对这些生词的理解，而且这些生词也根本不会影响到答题。对于这些生词， 考生在做题时只要模糊地知道它们的存在就够了，千万不要一看到生词就紧张，就被它们吓住。Scientists say they now have proof to support the old¬fashioned advice that it’s best to sleep on a problem．They say sleep strengthens the memory and helps the brain organize the masses of information we receive each day．The lead researcher Bob Stickgold at Harvard Medical School said，“Sleep helps us draw rules from our experiences．It’s like knowing the difference between dogs and cats even if it’s hard to explain．”The US research team studied how well students remembered connections between words and symbols，reports New Scientist．They compared how the students performed if they had had a sleep between seeing the words and having the test，and if they had not slept．They found that people were better able to remember lists of related words after a night’s sleep than after the same time spent awake during the day．They also found it easier to remember themes that the words had in common．But they forgot around one in four more themes if they had been awake．Prof．John Groeger，University of Surrey’s Sleep Research Centre，said，“People have been trying for years to find out what the purpose of sleep is，as we know that only certain parts of it have a restorative value．”“We form and store huge numbers of experiences in the head every day，and sleep seems to be the way the brain deals with them all．”1．The phrase “to sleep on a problem” in Paragraph 1 most likely means “________”．A．to pay full attention to a problem B．to wait until the next day for a decisionC．to sleep to forget a problem D．to have difficulty in sleeping2．In the study by the US research team，students were asked to________．A．put together words of similar meanings B．remember words and their meaningsC．show their knowledge of words D．make up lists of related words3．Which of the following may be easier to remember？A．Themes learned right before the test． B．Rules from personal experiences．C．Words learned before a good sleep． D．Ideas stored together in the brain．4．What may be the importance of the research？A．It shows that sleep may help us manage information．B．It helps find out the common themes of words．C．It tells us that more sleep can improve health．D．It proves the value of old¬fashioned advice．
