英语非谓语动词独立主格结构的用法解析
在独立主格结构中,非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
Such an able man to help you,you will surely succeed sooner or later.
有这么能干的人来帮你, 你迟早一定会成功的。(such an able man和 to help you 之间存在着主谓关系)
= Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.
He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.
他在书桌旁坐好后,他母亲开始给他讲故事。(seating himself at the desk拥有了自己的逻辑主语he)
= When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.
(1)不定式“独立主格结构”
在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达。动词不定式用主动的形式,在独立主格结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
His mother to come tonight,he is busy preparing the dinner.
他母亲今晚要来,他正在忙着准备饭菜。
(= As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.)
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(2) -ing形式“独立主格结构”动词的-ing形式作状语时,其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。 Being ill, he went home.由于生病,他回家了。(= As he was very ill, he went home.)① 表示时间的-ing形式作“独立主格结构” Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class. 每个人都准备好后,老师开始上课。(相当于一个时间状语从句When everyone wasready)② 表示原因的-ing形式作“独立主格结构” The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. 由那个男孩带路,我们没有困难就找到了那奇怪的洞。(相当于一个原因状语从句Because the boy led the way)③ 表示条件的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”My health allowing, I will work far into the night. 我的健康许可的话,我愿工作到深夜。(相当于一个条件状语从句If my health allows)④ 表示方式的-ing形式作“独立主格结构” The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest. 学生们快乐地在学校里走着,每个人胸前都带着一张卡。(相当于一个并列分句and each wears a card in front of his chest)(3)-ed形式“独立主格结构” 与逻辑主语+动词的-ing形式一样,如果-ed形式的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致的话,就需要用-ed形式的独立主格结构。 The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved. 由于工人们的生活条件大大提高,他们工作得更起劲了。 = As their living conditions were greatly improved, the workers worked still harder.比较: 动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生,动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束,动词-ing形式往往表示动作正在进行。 The manager looks worried,many things to settle. 经理看上去很着急, 有这么多的事情要处理。(事情还没有处理,而且是由经理本人来处理,用不定式to settle) The manager looks relaxed, many things settled. 许多事情已经处理好了, 经理看上去很轻松。(事情已经处理好了,用动词-ed形式settled表示动作已经结束)1. It was________of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.A. careless B. considerate C. patient D. Generous2. His comprehensive surveys have provided the most______statements of how, and on what basis, data are collected.A. explicit B. ambiguous C. original D. arbitrary3. A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience, ______ if you are travelling at high speed.A. eventually B. strangely C. merely D. especially4. I’m so ______ to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.A. special B. superior C. grateful D. attractive5. They gave money to the old people’s home either ______ or through their companies. A. legally B. sincerely C. personally D. deliberately6. —I did really well in the examination, Li Ke.—I did ______than you.I got full marks.A.no less B.not less C.not worse D.no worse7. He speaks English well indeed, but of course not______a native speaker.A.as fluent as B.more fluent thanC.so fluently as D.much fluently than8. You can get off the bus one or two stops______ and walk the rest of the way to work every day so as to take some exercise.A.more early B.earliest C. early D. earlier9. Painting from still images leads to a loss of sensitivity, which is ______to an artist.A.absolute B.urgent C.special D.vital10. Arriving in the deep night, we found there was no ______food as all the shops were shut.A.left B.convenient C.remaining D.available