动名词作主语作表语的用法知识注解详解
1．作主语
（1）谓语动词应用第三人称单数。
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
（2）it（形式主语）be no+n（use/ good/wonder...）+doing sth
there be no+n（point/doubt/signs/way...）+doingsth
It’s no use telling him about it,it’s too late already. 已经太晚了，所以告诉他没有用。
（3）作主语动名词与不定式的区别：
① 动名词作主语表示抽象的动作，不与特定的动作执行者有关；不定式作主语表示具体的动作或行为，与特定的动作执行者有关。
He realized that to go on like this was no use.（具体） 他意识到像这样继续没用。
It’s no use crying over split milk.（抽象） 因抛洒的牛奶哭泣没用。
表语是动名词，主语也用动名词；表语是不定式，主语也用不定式。
② 动名词和不定式作主语，都可用形式主语it，动名词或不定式放在句尾时用动名词，不用不定式。
it’s no use/good doing …
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it’s a waste of time doing …但在it’s important /necessary /advisable/essential … 中，只用不定式。 It’s no use going there today; he won’t be at home. 今天去哪没用，因为不在家。 It’s a waste of time arguing about it. 和他争论时浪费时间。2. 作表语（1）用来解释说明主语的内容。 Their job is building houses. 他们的工作是建房子。（2）作表语动名词与不定式的区别：动名词作表语表示抽象的行为,习惯；不定式作表语表示具体的特别是动作。 My favourite sport is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动hi游泳。（3）动名词与现在分词的区别：作表语： 动名词作表语相当于名词，说明主语的含义及内容,主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义，不可用副词来修饰;现在分词作表语相当于形容词，说明主语的特征,性质,状态等，主语与表语不可互换位置，可用very/quite等副词来修饰。 Our duty is serving the people heart and soul. 我的职责是全心全意为人民服务。作定语：现在分词表示所修辞的名词的动作，逻辑上是主谓关系；动名词表示被修辞的名词的作用，目的和用途等，无主谓关系。 A sleeping baby=a baby who is sleeping.作主语：动名词可做主语，现在分词不可。When 19-year-old Sophia Giorgi said she was thinking of volunteering to help the Make-A-Wish Foundation (基金会)，nobody understood what she was talking about .But Sophia knew just how important Make – A –Wish could be because this special organization had helped to make a dream come true for one her best friends .We were interested in finding out more ,so we went along to meet Sophia listen to what she had to say .Sophia told us that Make – A –Wish is a worldwide organization that started in the United States in 1980.”It’s a charity(慈善机构)that helps children who have got very serious illnesses. Make – A –Wish help children feel happy even though they are sick, by making their wishes and dreams come true ,” Sophia explained . We asked Sophia how Make – A –Wish had first started .She said it had all begun with a very sick young boy called Chris ,who had been dreaming for a long time of becoming a policeman .Sophia said lots of people had wanted to find a way to make Chris’s dream come true ----so, with everybody’s help , Chris, only seven years old at the time ,had been a “policeman” for a day .” when people saw how delighted Chris was when his dream came true, they decided to try and help other sick children too ,and that was the beginning of Make – A –Wish,” explained SophiaSophia also told us the Foundation tries to give children and their families a special, happy time. A Make-A-Wish volunteer visits the families and asks the children what they would wish for if they could have anything in the world. Sophia said the volunteers were important because they were the ones who helped to make the wishes come true. They do this either by providing things that are necessary, or by raising money or helping out in whatever way they can.1. Sophia found out about Make-A-Wish because her best friend had . A. benefited from it B. volunteered to help it C. dreamed about it D. told the author about it2. According to Sophia, Make-A-Wish____________.A. is an international charity B. was understood by nobody at first C. raises money for very poor families D. started by drawing the interest of the public3. What is said about Chris in Paragraph3?A. He has been a policeman since he was seven.B. He gave people the idea of starting Make-A-WishC. He wanted people to help make his dream come true.D. He was the first child Make-A-Wish helped after it had been set up.4. Which of the following is true about Make-A-Wish volunteers?A. They are important for making wishes come true.B. They try to help children get over their illnesses.C. They visit sick children to make them feel special.D. They provide what is necessary to make Make-A-Wish popular.
