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when, where, why关系副词的基本用法
版块:教育培训   类型:普通   作者:clcfone   查看:174   回复:0   获赞:0   时间:2023-01-20 14:19:14

when, where, why关系副词的基本用法
关系副词(when, where, why)引导的定语从句,它们后面的句子完整,只缺状语,它们都可以等于介词+ which , 其中 why 只等于 for which。
(1)When 指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词(如:time, day, week, tear, month, etc.)
We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better.
我们将把野餐推迟到下周,那时天气会好一些。
注意:先行词为"时间名词",可用when引导定语从句,when在定语从句中作状语;还可以用which或that 引导,which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。
比较: I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.(作状语)
我还记得我哥哥参军那天。
I still remember the days which/that we spent together. (作V.谓语 spent 的宾语)
我仍然记得我们一起度过的日子。 
Next winter which/that you'll spend in Harbin, will be exciting.(宾语)
你将在哈尔滨度过下一个冬天,将是令人兴奋的。
There are occasions when joking is not permissible.

有些场合不允许开玩笑。

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(2)Where 指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词,如:place, school, factory, room, etc. 
This is the place where I was born.  这里是我出生的地方。
I live in the room where /in which he used to live. 我住在他曾住过的那个房间里。
注意:先行词是"地点名词",定语从句可用where引导,还可用which或that引导,which/that 在从句中作主语或宾语。比较: 
This is the factory where /in which he worked last year. (作状语)
这就是他去年工作的那家工厂。
This is the park which/that they visited last year. (作宾语)
这是他们去年参观过的公园。
(3)Why 指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。先行词为reason 时,可用for which指代;当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时,则用which或that 引导。如:
The reason why + 定语从句 is that + 表语从句 (……的原因是……)
I don't believe the reason (that/which) he gave me. 
我不相信他给我的理由。(作宾语)
He asked me the reason that can explain my success. 
他问我能解释我成功的原因。(作主语)
 (That’s because + 原因) 那是因为……
 He got up late. That's why he was late.(表语从句)
(That’s why + 结果) 那是……的原因
 (the reason) why/for which he was late. (定语从句)
 注:当先行词为way时,定语从句常用that, in which,或省略引导词。
way后的定语从句的引导词不用时较多。但如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语时,则用which或that 引导。比较:
This is the way (that) /(in which)I do such things.  这就是我做这些事情的方式。
Please do the experiment in the way(that/which)I have shown you. 请以我向你展示的方式做这个实验。

“The first and best of victories is for a man to conquer himself; to be conquered by himself is, of all things, the most shameful,” says Plato. Self-control is at the root of all the advantages. Let a man give in to his impulses(冲动) and feelings, and from that moment he gives up his moral(道德) freedom.
A single angry word has lost many friends. When Socrates found in himself any temper or anger, he would check it by speaking low in order to control himself. If you are conscious of being angry, keep your mouth shut so that you can hold back rising  anger. Many a person has dropped dead in great anger. Fits of anger bring fits of disease. “Whoever the gods would destroy they first make them mad.” “Keep cool,” says Webster, “anger is not argument.” “Be calm in arguing,” says George Herbert, “for fierceness(狂怒) makes error a fault.”
To be angry with a weak man is to prove that you are not strong yourself. “Anger,” says Pythagoras, “brings with folly and ends with regret.” You must measure the strength of a man by the power of the feelings he conquers, not by the power of those which conquer him. 
Self-control is man’s last and greatest victory. 
If a man lacks self-control he seems to lack everything. Without it he can have no patience, no power to govern himself; he can have no self-confidence, for he will always be controlled by his strongest feeling. If he lacks self-control, the very backbone and nerve of character are lacking also.
1. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. The importance of self- control.   
B. How to conquer oneself?
C. The relation between a man’s moral freedom and his feelings.
D. A man should keep cool.
2. What’s the meaning of “whoever the gods would destroy they first make them mad”?
A. If you are mad, the gods will kill you.
B. If you lose your temper first, gods will kill you first.
C. If you can’t control yourself, you will be crazy.
D. If the gods want to kill you, they will make you mad first.
3. Which of the following is NOT true, according to passage?
A. The first and best of victories is for a man to conquer himself.
B. You will make a small mistake serious if you don’t keep cool.
C. You must measure a man’s strength by the power of the feelings which conquer him.
D. Anger brings with folly and ends with regret. 
4. Which of the following can’t help you avoid anger, according to the passage?
A. Be calm in arguing.     
B. Check your temper or anger by speaking low.
C. Keep your mouth shut.   
D. Try to make the other angry first.

 
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