英语构词法讲解与练习-截短法混合法
截短法(缩略法)
截短法，即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。
1)截头
telephone→phone
aeroplane→plane
omnibus→bus
2)去尾
mathematics→maths
co-operate→co-op
examination→exam
kilogram→kilo
laboratory→lab
taxicab→taxi
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3)截头去尾inf luenza→flurefrigerator→fridgeprescription→script混合法(混成法)混合法，即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体；前半部分表示属性。news broadcast→newscast新闻广播television broadcast→telecast电视播送smoke and fog→smog烟雾helicopter airport→heliport直升飞机场6.首尾字母缩略法首尾 字母缩略法，即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音；作为一个单词读音。very important person→VIP (读字母音)要人；大人物television→TV (读字母音)电视Testing of English as a Foreign Language→TOEFL托福巩固练习1. That man was ________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A. care B. careful C. careless D. carelessness2. The soldier died for saving the child，so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai.A. die B. dead C. died D. death3. The child looked ________at his brother who was badly wounded.A. sadly B. sadness C. sadely D. sad4. He is an expert at chemistry. We all call him a ________.A. chemistry B. chemicalC. chemist D. physician5.The three- ________chair isn’t suitable for a young child. He may fall off.A. legging B. legged C. legs D. leged6. Stephenson became the________railway engineer in the world.A. lead B. leader C. leading D. leadership7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem，Jack looked________about at his classmates.A. proud B. proudly C. pride D. pridely8.To everyone’s ________，the girl finished the job quite well.A. satisfied B. satisfactoryC. satisfying D. satisfaction9.—What are you doing here?—Oh，my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________in English.—You can write________passage in English?A. 600 words；a 600-words B. 600-word；a 600-wordsC. 600 words；a 600-word D. 600 words；a 600-words10. No one should enter the spot without the________of the police.A. permit B. permissionC. permitting D. permittence[参考答案]1-5 BDACB 6-10 CBDCB
